The Nitrogen Cycle Guide
Establishing the biological foundation of your aquarium using scientific research.
A visual summary of the ideal ranges for each parameter and what to do.
More Info & Scientific Resources
The following resources and peer-reviewed studies by Dr. Timothy Hovanec form the scientific basis for modern nitrifying bacteria understanding:
- Primary Resource: Dr. Tim's Aquatics - Fishless Cycling Guide
- Hovanec, T. A. and E. F. DeLong. 1996. Comparative Analysis of Nitrifying Bacteria Associated with Freshwater and Marine Aquaria.
- Hovanec, T. A., L. T. Taylor, A. Blakis and E. F. DeLong. 1998. Nitrospira-Like Bacteria Associated with Nitrite Oxidation in Freshwater Aquaria.
- Burrell, P. C., C. M. Phalen, and Timothy A. Hovanec. 2001. Identification of Bacteria Responsible for Ammonia Oxidation.